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Mathematical Operations

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medium importance~1-2 Q in Tier 15 formulas⚡ 6 shortcuts5 subtopics
All subtopics·Subtopic 4 of 5

Balancing and operator-filling

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⏱ 5 min read🧩 5 question types🎯 13 practice Q
The idea in one minute

An equation is a scale: the left side must equal the right side. Three question shapes test it. Pick the equation that is already true, fill sign blanks so the line balances, or place a full set of signs (sometimes including =) in order. Evaluate every option in writing; exactly one balances.

01

What balancing means

An equation is like a weighing scale. The left side and the right side must show the same value.

Here you either check which equation is already balanced, or choose signs that balance it. Nothing is hidden. You need clean BODMAS and a fixed order of testing.

02

Pick the correct equation

Four full equations are given; exactly one is true. Build a value column: one row per option, left-side value against the right side.

  • 24 ÷ 6 − 2 × 3 = 1 → 4 − 6 = −2 ✗
  • 5 × 4 + 6 ÷ 2 = 23 → 20 + 3 = 23 ✓
  • 9 + 6 ÷ 2 − 3 = 11 → 9 + 3 − 3 = 9 ✗
  • 7 × 2 + 8 ÷ 4 = 18 → 14 + 2 = 16 ✗

Tip: A wrong option is often the left-to-right value. 7 + 8 × 2 − 5 is 18 by BODMAS, but 25 left to right. Both 18 and 25 can sit among the options.

03

Fill the blanks with signs

"Which pair of signs makes 14 ? 2 ? 3 = 21 true?" Put each option pair in and evaluate.

  • (+, ×): 14 + 2 × 3 = 20 ✗
  • (÷, ×): 14 ÷ 2 × 3 = 21 ✓
  • (×, −): 28 − 3 = 25 ✗

The first sign of the pair goes into the first blank, always.

04

Sequentially replace the * signs

Recent papers write: "Select the combination of signs to sequentially replace the * signs and balance the equation", like 21 * 7 * 5 * 4 * 3 = 27.

"Sequentially" fixes the placement: first sign into the first *, second into the second, and so on. Option ÷, ×, +, × gives 21 ÷ 7 × 5 + 4 × 3 = 15 + 12 = 27 ✓.

05

When = is one of the signs

The line has no = yet: 12 * 4 * 3 * 16, and one option sign is "=". Place the signs in order, then compare the two sides.

×, ÷, = gives 12 × 4 ÷ 3 = 16, that is 48 ÷ 3 = 16 ✓. Both sides match.

Watch: The = usually sits just before the last number, but not always. Test the placement; examiners move it to catch guessers.

06

Fill blanks inside brackets

Brackets can hold a blank too: (7 ? 3) ? 5 = 50. The bracket is solved first, so a sign inside it is powerful.

(+, ×) gives (7 + 3) × 5 = 50 ✓, while (×, +) gives only 7 × 3 + 5 = 26.

07

One full walk-through

Find the pair that makes 30 ? 6 ? 4 = 9 true. The options are (×, −), (÷, +), (+, ÷) and (−, ×).

  1. (×, −): 30 × 6 − 4 = 180 − 4 = 176. Too big. ✗
  2. (÷, +): 30 ÷ 6 + 4 = 5 + 4 = 9. ✓
  3. (+, ÷): 30 + 6 ÷ 4 is not a whole number. ✗
  4. (−, ×): 30 − 6 × 4 = 30 − 24 = 6. ✗

Only the second row matches, so the answer is (÷, +).

08

Test in a smart order

  1. Look at the right side. Big target → you need ×. Small target → look for ÷ or −.
  2. Test options that create exact divisions first. 72 ÷ 8 = 9 is friendly; 7 ÷ 5 is a dead end.
  3. Use the last digit. If the target ends in 7 and an option's arithmetic ends in 0, drop it.
  4. Once one option balances, mark it. In a well-set question only one works.

Tip: Never judge an equation by looks. A four-row value column is faster than staring.

09

Question types you will see

Each type: how to recognise it, the method step by step, and one question to try.

Type 1very common2 practice Q

Pick the arithmetically correct equation

How to spot it:

'Which of the following equations is correct?' with four complete equations.

Method
  1. Evaluate each left side with BODMAS.

  2. Write one value per row.

  3. Compare with the right side.

  4. Mark the only match.

Why it works:

Wrong options are usually left-to-right values of a correct-looking line.

Try this

Which equation is correct: 24 ÷ 6 − 2 × 3 = 1, 5 × 4 + 6 ÷ 2 = 23, 9 + 6 ÷ 2 − 3 = 11 or 7 × 2 + 8 ÷ 4 = 18?

Show solution
  1. Row values: −2, 23, 9, 16.

  2. Right sides: 1, 23, 11, 18.

  3. Only the second row matches.

Answer

5 × 4 + 6 ÷ 2 = 23

Type 2common3 practice Q

Fill the blanks with a sign pair

How to spot it:

'Which pair of signs will make 14 ? 2 ? 3 = 21 correct?'

Method
  1. Put the first option pair into the blanks, in order.

  2. Evaluate with BODMAS.

  3. Compare with the right side.

  4. Repeat until one pair works.

Why it works:

Testing is faster and safer than guessing the signs.

Try this

Which pair of signs makes 14 ? 2 ? 3 = 21 correct: (+, ×), (÷, ×), (×, −) or (−, +)?

Show solution
  1. (+, ×): 14 + 2 × 3 = 20 ✗.

  2. (÷, ×): 14 ÷ 2 × 3 = 7 × 3 = 21 ✓.

  3. (×, −): 28 − 3 = 25 ✗. (−, +): 14 − 2 + 3 = 15 ✗.

Answer

÷ and ×

Type 3very common2 practice Q

Sequentially replace the * signs

How to spot it:

A line like 21 * 7 * 5 * 4 * 3 = 27. 'Select the combination of signs to sequentially replace the * signs.'

Method
  1. Send the first sign into the first *, second into the second, and so on.

  2. Evaluate with BODMAS.

  3. Check against the right side.

Why it works:

'Sequentially' fixes the placement, so each option makes exactly one line.

Try this

Which signs balance 21 * 7 * 5 * 4 * 3 = 27 when placed in order: ÷, ×, +, ×?

Show solution
  1. Line: 21 ÷ 7 × 5 + 4 × 3.

  2. 21 ÷ 7 = 3, then 3 × 5 = 15. Also 4 × 3 = 12.

  3. 15 + 12 = 27 ✓.

Answer

Yes: ÷, ×, +, × balances it

Type 4common2 practice Q

Replace * signs when = is one of them

How to spot it:

A line like 12 * 4 * 3 * 16 has no = yet; the options contain '='.

Method
  1. Place the signs in order, including the =.

  2. Evaluate the part before the =.

  3. Evaluate the part after the =.

  4. The two values must match.

Why it works:

The = splits the line into two separate expressions.

Try this

Where do ×, ÷ and = go in 12 * 4 * 3 * 16 to balance it?

Show solution
  1. Try ×, ÷, = in order: 12 × 4 ÷ 3 = 16.

  2. Left: 48 ÷ 3 = 16.

  3. Right: 16. They match.

Answer

12 × 4 ÷ 3 = 16

Type 5occasional

Fill blanks inside brackets

How to spot it:

The blank sits inside a bracket, like (7 ? 3) ? 5 = 50.

Method
  1. Solve the bracket with the first option's inside sign.

  2. Apply the outside sign.

  3. Compare with the right side.

  4. Repeat with the other options.

Why it works:

The bracket is solved first, so the sign inside it shapes the whole line.

Try this

Which pair of signs makes (7 ? 3) ? 5 = 50 correct: (+, ×), (×, +), (−, ×) or (÷, +)?

Show solution
  1. (+, ×): (7 + 3) × 5 = 50 ✓.

  2. (×, +): 7 × 3 + 5 = 26 ✗.

  3. (−, ×): (7 − 3) × 5 = 20 ✗. (÷, +): 7 ÷ 3 + 5 is not whole ✗.

Answer
  • and ×
10

Shortcuts that save time

⚡ Value column for pick-the-equation

List the four options in a column. Evaluate each left side in one written line. Exactly one row matches its right side. The column doubles as your final check.

Example

Which is correct: 24 ÷ 6 − 2 × 3 = 1, 5 × 4 + 6 ÷ 2 = 23, 9 + 6 ÷ 2 − 3 = 11 or 7 × 2 + 8 ÷ 4 = 18?

Show solution
  1. 24 ÷ 6 − 2 × 3 = 4 − 6 = −2 ✗.

  2. 5 × 4 + 6 ÷ 2 = 20 + 3 = 23 ✓.

  3. 9 + 6 ÷ 2 − 3 = 9 + 3 − 3 = 9 ✗.

  4. 7 × 2 + 8 ÷ 4 = 14 + 2 = 16 ✗.

Answer

5 × 4 + 6 ÷ 2 = 23

11

Mistakes to avoid

Where most students lose marks on this subtopic.

Mistake 01

Scanning the options for a nice-looking equation.

Evaluate every option in a written value column.

Mistake 02

Putting the option signs into the blanks from the right.

First sign into the first blank, left to right.

Mistake 03

Treating ÷ as always after ×.

Equal rank: ÷ and × go left to right.

Mistake 04

Computing the whole line when = is one of the signs.

The = splits the line. Compare the two sides separately.

Mistake 05

Stopping at the first option that looks close.

Finish each row's arithmetic. Only an exact match counts.

12

Quick revision

Read this the night before the exam.

  • Balanced means left value equals right value. Test each option in writing.

  • Sign pairs: first sign into the first blank, always.

  • 'Sequentially replace *': first sign to first *, in order.

  • When = is among the signs, compare the part before it with the part after it.

  • Brackets with blanks are solved first, so signs inside them are powerful.

  • Target size, exact division and last digit cut options fast.

13

Practice: 13 questions

Sets of 10, mixed across the question types above. Every answer has a step-by-step explanation.

Topic test · 13 questions

Suggested time 11 min · wrong answers go to your mistake notebook automatically.