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high importance~3 Q in Tier 1⚡ 12 shortcuts6 subtopics
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Organisations, Capitals, Currencies & Parliaments

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⏱ 6 min read🧩 5 question types🎯 21 practice Q
The idea in one minute

International organisation → headquarters

OrganisationHQ
UN, UNICEF, UNDPNew York
UNESCOParis
WHO, WTO, ILO, UNHCR, Red Cross (ICRC), WMOGeneva
IMF, World BankWashington, D.C.
FAO, WFP, IFADRome
UNEP, UN-HabitatNairobi
IAEA, OPEC, UNIDOVienna
International Court of JusticeThe Hague
InterpolLyon
ASEANJakarta
SAARCKathmandu
Asian Development BankManila
New Development Bank (BRICS)Shanghai
AIIBBeijing
International Olympic CommitteeLausanne
FIFAZurich
ICC (cricket)Dubai
WWFGland, Switzerland
Amnesty InternationalLondon

Currencies

CountryCurrencyCountryCurrency
BangladeshTakaJapanYen
BhutanNgultrumChinaRenminbi (yuan)
MyanmarKyatSouth KoreaWon
AfghanistanAfghaniThailandBaht
MalaysiaRinggitIndonesiaRupiah
VietnamDongUAEDirham
Saudi ArabiaRiyalIranRial
South AfricaRandBrazilReal
RussiaRoubleMexicoPeso

Capitals often asked: Australia – Canberra · Canada – Ottawa · Brazil – Brasília · New Zealand – Wellington · Nigeria – Abuja · Turkey – Ankara · Myanmar – Nay Pyi Taw · Kazakhstan – Astana · Sri Lanka – Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (administrative).

Parliaments

CountryParliamentCountryParliament
IsraelKnessetJapanDiet
Russia(State) Duma / Federal AssemblyIranMajlis
NorwayStortingSwedenRiksdag
DenmarkFolketingGermanyBundestag
BangladeshJatiya SangsadIcelandAlthing (among the oldest)
USACongressPolandSejm
01

United Nations and its family (UN founded 24 October 1945, HQ New York)

BodyHQFounded
UNICEFNew York1946
UNDPNew York1965
UNESCOParis1945
WHOGeneva1948
ILOGeneva1919
WTOGeneva1995
ICRCGeneva1863
FAORome1945
WFPRome1961
UNEPNairobi1972
IAEAVienna1957
OPECVienna1960
ICJThe Hague1945
OPCWThe Hague1997
IMF and World BankWashington DC1944 (Bretton Woods)
02

Other international bodies and their HQs

BodyHQFounded
NATOBrussels1949
ASEANJakarta1967
SAARCKathmandu1985
BIMSTECDhaka1997
ADBManila1966
AIIBBeijing2016
NDB (BRICS bank)Shanghai2015
International Solar AllianceGurugram (India)2015
FIFAZurich1904
IOCLausanne1894
INTERPOLLyon (France)1923
ICAOMontreal1944
IMOLondon1948
ICC (cricket)Dubai1909
03

Currencies

South Asia: India/Pakistan/Nepal/Sri Lanka - rupee; Bangladesh - taka; Bhutan - ngultrum (at par with the Indian rupee); Maldives - rufiyaa; Afghanistan - afghani. East and South-East Asia: China - yuan (renminbi); Japan - yen; South Korea - won; Thailand - baht; Malaysia - ringgit; Indonesia - rupiah; Vietnam - dong; Philippines - peso; Myanmar - kyat; Mongolia - tugrik. West Asia: Russia - rouble; Turkey - lira; Saudi Arabia - riyal; UAE - dirham; Israel - shekel. The West: UK - pound sterling; USA/Canada/Australia - dollar; Eurozone - euro; Switzerland - franc. Africa: South Africa - rand; Nigeria - naira; Kenya - shilling; Egypt - pound. Latin America: Brazil - real; Argentina/Mexico - peso.

04

Parliaments of the world

CountryParliament
IndiaSansad (Lok Sabha + Rajya Sabha)
IsraelKnesset
JapanDiet
ChinaNational People's Congress
IranMajlis
GermanyBundestag
RussiaFederal Assembly (lower house: Duma)
BangladeshJatiya Sangsad
PakistanMajlis-e-Shoora
FranceNational Assembly
South KoreaNational Assembly
DenmarkFolketing
NorwayStorting
SwedenRiksdag
TurkeyGrand National Assembly
USACongress
UKParliament (Commons + Lords)
05

Question types you will see

Each type: how to recognise it, the method step by step, and one question to try.

Type 1very common3 practice Q

UN bodies ↔ headquarters

How to spot it:

'Where is UNESCO/WHO/FAO/UNICEF headquartered', match-the-column on UN agencies.

Method
  1. New York: UN, UNICEF, UNDP. Geneva: WHO, ILO, WTO, ICRC. Paris: UNESCO. Rome: FAO, WFP.

  2. Nairobi: UNEP. Vienna: IAEA, OPEC. The Hague: ICJ, OPCW. Washington DC: IMF, World Bank.

  3. Founding years asked together: UN 1945, UNICEF 1946, WHO 1948, WTO 1995, ILO 1919.

Try this

The International Court of Justice sits at —

Show solution

The Hague (Netherlands), in the Peace Palace; the UN itself is headquartered in New York.

Type 2very common4 practice Q

International bodies ↔ headquarters and founding years

How to spot it:

'NATO/ASEAN/SAARC headquarters', 'ADB/AIIB/NDB', 'FIFA/IOC/ICC', HQ-plus-year questions.

Method
  1. Brussels-NATO (1949); Jakarta-ASEAN (1967); Kathmandu-SAARC (1985); Dhaka-BIMSTEC (1997).

  2. Banks: ADB-Manila (1966), AIIB-Beijing (2016), NDB-Shanghai (2015); solar: International Solar Alliance-Gurugram.

  3. Sport: FIFA-Zurich (1904), IOC-Lausanne (1894), ICC-Dubai; police/travel: INTERPOL-Lyon (1923), ICAO-Montreal, IMO-London.

Try this

The International Solar Alliance, founded at India's initiative, is headquartered at —

Show solution

Gurugram (India) - the first treaty-based international organisation headquartered in India.

Type 3very common4 practice Q

Currency ↔ country

How to spot it:

'Currency of Bangladesh/Thailand/Indonesia/South Africa', currency matching, unusual currencies.

Method
  1. South Asia: taka-Bangladesh, ngultrum-Bhutan, rufiyaa-Maldives, afghani-Afghanistan; rupee elsewhere.

  2. East Asia: yuan-China, yen-Japan, won-South Korea, baht-Thailand, ringgit-Malaysia, rupiah-Indonesia, dong-Vietnam, kyat-Myanmar.

  3. West/Africa/Americas: rouble-Russia, riyal-Saudi, dirham-UAE, shekel-Israel, rand-South Africa, naira-Nigeria, real-Brazil, peso-Argentina/Mexico.

Try this

The currency of Indonesia is the —

Show solution

Rupiah. Malaysia uses the ringgit; Vietnam the dong; Thailand the baht.

Type 4very common4 practice Q

Parliament ↔ country

How to spot it:

'Knesset/Diet/Majlis/Bundestag is the parliament of', 'Duma is the lower house of', legislature matching.

Method
  1. Israel-Knesset, Japan-Diet, Iran-Majlis, Germany-Bundestag, Bangladesh-Jatiya Sangsad, Pakistan-Majlis-e-Shoora.

  2. Russia-Federal Assembly (lower house Duma), China-National People's Congress, France-National Assembly, Turkey-Grand National Assembly.

  3. Nordic set: Denmark-Folketing, Norway-Storting, Sweden-Riksdag.

Try this

The Bundestag is the lower house of the parliament of —

Show solution

Germany. The Diet belongs to Japan; the Knesset to Israel; the Riksdag to Sweden.

Type 5common3 practice Q

Organisation ↔ founding year / founder context

How to spot it:

'When was WHO/ASEAN/NATO established', Bretton Woods twins, UN Charter dates.

Method
  1. 1945: UN (24 Oct), FAO (16 Oct), UNESCO adopted. 1944: IMF and World Bank at Bretton Woods.

  2. 1948 WHO; 1949 NATO; 1957 IAEA; 1960 OPEC; 1967 ASEAN; 1985 SAARC; 1995 WTO.

  3. Older bodies: ILO 1919, ICRC 1863, FIFA 1904, IOC 1894.

Try this

The IMF and the World Bank were conceived at which 1944 conference?

Show solution

Bretton Woods (New Hampshire, USA) - hence their nickname, the Bretton Woods twins.

06

Shortcuts that save time

⚡ Geneva vs Rome vs Nairobi

Geneva = health, trade, labour (WHO, WTO, ILO). Rome = food (FAO, WFP, IFAD). Nairobi = environment (UNEP) — the only major UN HQ in Africa/Global South.

Example

The headquarters of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is in —

Show solution

Rome.

⚡ Neighbour currencies — "Taka, Ngul, Kyat"

East side of India: Bangladesh Taka, Bhutan Ngultrum, Myanmar Kyat. Nepal, Sri Lanka and Pakistan use the rupee.

07

Mistakes to avoid

Where most students lose marks on this subtopic.

Mistake 01

UNESCO is in Paris, not Geneva.

Mistake 02

Japan's parliament is the Diet; Israel's is the Knesset.

Mistake 03

Australia's capital is Canberra, not Sydney; Canada's is Ottawa, not Toronto.

08

Quick revision

Read this the night before the exam.

  • New York: UN, UNICEF, UNDP; Geneva: WHO, ILO, WTO, ICRC; Paris: UNESCO; Rome: FAO, WFP.

  • Nairobi = UNEP; Vienna = IAEA, OPEC; The Hague = ICJ, OPCW; DC = IMF, World Bank.

  • Brussels-NATO, Jakarta-ASEAN, Kathmandu-SAARC, Manila-ADB, Dubai-ICC, Lausanne-IOC, Lyon-INTERPOL.

  • Taka-Bangladesh, ngultrum-Bhutan, kyat-Myanmar, baht-Thailand, rand-South Africa, real-Brazil.

  • Knesset-Israel, Diet-Japan, Majlis-Iran, Bundestag-Germany, Duma-Russia, Folketing-Denmark, Storting-Norway.

09

Practice: 21 questions

Sets of 10, mixed across the question types above. Every answer has a step-by-step explanation.

Topic test · 10 questions

Suggested time 3 min · wrong answers go to your mistake notebook automatically.